In times of increasing environmental awareness, another strong indicator for this statement is that the chemical industry is required to develop more sustainable and energy-efficient processes with reduced waste generation and minimal environmental impact. (45) Therefore, it can be argued that it is actually the combination of these three different technologies (i.e., photocatalysis, light sources and reactor technology), which have developed independently and with their own set of rules, that could ensure that photochemistry is here to stay.

(4) On the contrary, several important contributions were made already decades ago. However, it is important to note that the application of photocatalysis in organic synthesis is not a recent invention. (43,44) Several companies have focused on developing and commercializing standardized equipment to carry out photocatalytic transformations on different scales. (42) And third, various advanced photochemical reactor technologies have been developed in recent years, which show great promise to carry out photochemical processes ranging from laboratory to production scale. (41) Second, the tremendous evolution of light-emitting diode (LED) technology has resulted in the development of monochromatic, energy efficient, durable, and high intensity light sources, reducing the effective costs of photons for photochemical applications. (40) It is remarkable to see how fast companies have established small groups of experts to investigate the potential impact of photocatalysis in their synthetic programs. The first reason for this statement is the rapid uptake and maturation of photocatalysis in both academia and industry, allowing researchers to completely rethink the assembly of organic molecules. Nevertheless, this time the moment could be right for a definitive breakthrough of synthetic photochemistry in the industry. Photochemistry was only considered when there was no alternative available, such as in the production of vitamin D and rose oxide as prime examples. The general perception was to avoid photochemistry altogether as it imposed too many insurmountable issues to bring the molecule to the market. (38) This undermined the confidence of researchers─especially in the fine-chemical industry─to integrate photochemical steps in their synthetic routes toward pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and materials. (34−36) Also from a scale-up perspective, photochemistry is still regarded as a daunting challenge because of the high cost of photons (37) and the light absorption, which causes a gradual loss of light intensity through the reaction medium. In one of the earlier reviews on photochemistry, (33) Noyes and Kassel stated already in the first paragraph that “ Unfortunately, while Photochemistry may be said to be much older than its fellows, it is at present in a far more unsatisfactory state.” Indeed, photochemical transformations are often perceived as very complex with regard to reaction kinetics. This, in turn, is driving the growth of the market.However, although the use of photons in organic synthesis is as old as the field itself, (32) it was consistently met with skepticism. As plate and frame heat exchangers that can operate with fibrous fluids are being developed, they are increasingly used in heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems. Moreover, they require low maintenance and minimal installation costs, which make them suitable for cost-effective applications. It also assesses the market dynamics, covering the key demand and price indicators, along with analysing the market based on the SWOT and Porter’s Five Forces models. The report tracks the latest trends in the industry and studies their impact on the overall market. Global Plate and Frame Heat Exchangers Market Size, Share, Price, Trends, Growth, Report and Forecast 2022-2027’, gives an in-depth analysis of the global Plate and Frame Heat Exchangers Market, assessing the market based on its segments like types, applications, and major regions.

Photoflow relight module